Recommend
Official site Welltone

Hypertension

What is hypertension

Hypertension is a state in which the level of blood pressure becomes becoming placed, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is an accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant controlling and drug treatment. In the modern clinic, "Medcentrservice" can be subjected to complete test, if necessary, the doctor will choose efficient therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which systolic and diastolic pressure grows. Only one type of blood pressure grows, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the appearance, 2 types of arterial hypertension are different:

  1. Primarily or essential. It is impossible to establish the correct cause of the disease, because there are no pathologies that could cause an increase in pressure. Most often essential hypertension occurs due to voltage, seating lifestyle, as a result of genetic predisposition.
  2. Secondary. Consequence of other diseases, you can correctly determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertise develops if a person has kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension are different:

  • 1 degree. Access in soft form, the increase in systolic blood pressure was observed at 140 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. Moderate, pressure rises at 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the cardiovascular system body can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. Increases systolic and / or diastical pressure on the sign of 200/115 mm Hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, because the blood supply of the internal bodies is disturbed.

Important! If the first gradation hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease will progress. Very high pressure indicators can cause a hypertensive crisis that is full of stroke.

Complications

Hypertension with a long or heavy course of hypertension. Complications may occur. Among the most dangerous, stand out:

  1. A brain lesion that develops in a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable, and the rehabilitation period lasts a lot of time.
  2. Heart diseases and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurism.
  3. Kidney diseases. A kidney failure can develop against the background of the arterial hypertension, the volume can occur in the amount of salt and liquid in the body.

Frequent complications are hypertensive crises. Periodic shorts under pressure are accompanied by strong headaches, vomiting and quick heart beat.

Diagnosis and testing with increasing blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure pressure and examine the so-called target organs.

The steps needed to produce "hypertension" and the calculation of the severity of the disease:

  1. Pressure measurement is independently occasionally at home, in the doctor's office.
  2. Transmission of blood and urine analysis.
  3. Assessment of the work of the heart muscle - is performed using phonedoscopes or more detailed - through the ECG or ultrasound of the heart.
  4. Dopplerography - allows you to assess the state of blood that passes through vessels into the heart.
  5. Arteriography - allows you to see the state of arterial walls.
  6. Overview of the bottom of the eye - necessary in the initial phase of hypertension. With the rise in the retina pressure, the eyes are expanded, and the arteries are narrowed.
  7. The ultrasound of the kidney and the adrenal gland - the study allows you to assess the kidney work, to identify the damage to the kidney tissue.

Important! In the first signs of hypertension, you must definitely consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete preview will allow you to select efficient treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension prevention

To prevent hypertension, you must comply with a series of simple recommendations:

  1. Measure your blood pressure regularly, take a diary with your indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure if this is regularly happening, can become an alarming bell.
  2. Follow the way of life - motor activity, nutrition, turn off bad habits.
  3. Regularly study with the doctor.

Respecting these simple rules will help reduce risk.

Rules for measuring blood pressure for diagnostics of arterial hypertension

To get an objective image when measuring the pressure, it is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the proceedings, leave smoking, consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical effort.
  2. When you measure the pressure, take a suitable position and do not exceed your legs.
  3. The manometer should be at heart level.
  4. To reduce errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between indicators on the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or as much as 20 mm Hg. Art.

To get an objective image, measure the pressure at home regularly and add data to the log.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and examine the doctor periodically.

Causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can be increased in absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a quiet condition, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure at 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is probability of diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to damaged mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons causing blood pressure increases:

  1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In the event of a violation of the renal flow of blood, the kidneys are released into the body of increased amount of substance called Renin. As a result, a spasm of small vessels appears, vascular walls are gradually thickened, the excess liquid is late in the bloodstream. The described processes increase the load on the heart, cause blood pressure to increase.
  2. Nerve overbearance. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
  3. Hormonal incorrect functions and metabolic disorder. Lead to circulatory disorders in tissues.

An increase in blood pressure increases with age often increases. For people 20-40 years, normal pressure is 120/70-130 / 80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , More than 60 years - 140 / 90-150 / 90 mm Hg. Art.

A fairly common cause of pathology is heredity. Also, factors causing high pressure include:

  • Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • Sedentary lifestyle;
  • excess weight;
  • Incorrect nutrition.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly undergo physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension in the initial phase can be developed without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a sublimatic disease. In the initial phase, pathology cannot be shown, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to measure blood pressure regularly and pass a medical examination. This is especially important for patients from a risk group.

First symptoms of hypertension:

  • Frequent headaches;
  • nasal bleeding;
  • a violation of a heart rate;
  • Vision vision;
  • Tinnitus.

With heavy hypertension, the above symptoms can be joined:

  • Weakness;
  • nausea;
  • vomits;
  • torch muscle;
  • confusion;
  • Chest pain.

Often people write out the appearance of the symptom of hypertension of general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, you should immediately contact your doctor. In addition to increased pressure, heart and kidneys work with maximum load, which can lead to a hypertonic crisis, heart and renal failure.

Hypertension treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in treatment, which requires a comprehensive approach:

  • Change in lifestyle - It is recommended to increase motor activities, monitor the diet;
  • The use of medicinal therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe medication treatment and choose a dose of medications. You can't have a self-attitude so that you wouldn't worsen the situation even more.

This article was published exclusively for the purpose of getting acquainted with cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or a professional medical council. For diagnosis and treatment, contact your doctor.