Recommend
Official site Welltone

Hypertension (increased pressure)

Increasing pressure above the age standard is true to invite arterial hypertension.

If the pressure increases frequently or long, and during the test cannot be identified the causes, then hypertension is diagnosed.If a person has any disease that causes increased pressure (for example, traumatic brain injuries in the past, kidney disease, etc.), then speak of secondary arterial hypertension.However, in collapse, all cases of increased pressure are often called hypertension.

Hypertension is known as "silent killers", because there is always no obvious symptoms, especially in the initial phases.It was found that the increased pressure has 20-30% of adult population, although many do not know about their illness for a long time.If hypertension is not treated, the risks of heart attack or increase stroke.The only way to learn about the presence of a problem isBlood pressure measurement using an electronic tonometerregularly measures blood pressure.

Blood pressure is the power with whom blood presses on the walls of blood vessels and hearts.With hypertension, blood pressure on arteries and the heart becomes excessively high, leading to early spending of these organs and increases the risk of other diseases, for example, a damaged kidney or brain function.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters live (mm Hg) and is fixed in two dimensions:

  • Systolic pressure - blood pressure the moment your heart is reduced and pushes blood into arteries;
  • Diastolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of relaxing a heart muscle between two contractions.

For example, if your doctor says that your blood pressure is "140 to 90", it means that your systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art.And diastical pressure - 90 mm Hg.Art.

Optimal blood pressure in adult is considered less than 120/80 mm Hg.Art.However, within the norm are numbers at 139/89 inclusive.If, according to the results of several measurements, your pressure exceeds 140/90 inclusive, you have arterial hypertension, additional inspection and, possible, treatment.

Symptoms of arterial hypertension (hypertension)

Increasing blood pressure is not always accompanied by changing well-being.The only way to find out if you have hypertension measuring blood pressure.Adults should check blood pressure at least once in five years.

If you are pregnant, it is important to constantly check your blood pressure, even if it is not tall.Blood pressure observation during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications.Increased blood pressure in pregnant women can lead to preeclampsia.This is a dangerous state in which there is a problem with bed linen (an organ that provides a blood circulation of an unborn child).

Sometimes high pressure symptoms are:

  • headache;
  • eclipse or double in the eyes;
  • Nose bleeding;
  • Dyspnea.

Such signs appear in people with very high pressure.If you find any of these symptoms please contact your doctor.Without treatment, arterial hypertension can lead to serious diseases, including stroke and heart attack.Instantly schedule an appointment with a therapist if you find any of these symptoms or increased pressure.If symptoms are significantly expressed, call an ambulance.

Causes of hypertension (arterial hypertension)

In more than 90% of cases, the cause of increased blood pressure cannot be established.Then hypertension is called essential or primary.Factors that can increase the risk of primary hypertension from you include:

  • Age: The risk of hypertension development increases with age;
  • There were cases of hypertension in your family (the disease may be inherited);
  • Excess salt in your diet;
  • Lack of physical exercises;
  • integrity;
  • Smoking;
  • Alcohol abuse;
  • Stress.

Famous causes of hypertension

About 10% of high pressure cases are the result of certain diseases or a certain cause.These cases refer to high hypertension.Typical causes of pressure in this case are:

  • kidney disease;
  • Mellitus diabetes;
  • Narrowing arteries of renal supply;
  • Hormone diseases, such as Kushing's syndrome (a disease in which the body produces too much steroid hormones);
  • diseases affecting bodies of the body, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus;
  • contraceptives (oral contraceptives);
  • painkillers, known as non-atein -infalmalmic medications (NSAID);
  • Club drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamine and crystal metamphetamine;
  • Some medications of herbal plant additives.

Hypertension diagnosis

To diagnose arterial hypertension and identify its possible causes, primarily resorting systematic measurement of blood blood pressure.This can also do a medical worker and self-contained, using the home appliance for measuring pressure.

Healthy people aged for more than 40 years should measure their blood pressure at least once in five years.If you have an increased risk of hypertension, you should check the blood pressure more often, ideal once a year.

Checking blood pressure is usually easy to act in most clinics and hospitals.Blood pressure is usually measured using a tonometer (manometer), a device consisting of a stethoscope, cuff, measuring device, air injection and valve.

The cuff is wrapped on the shoulder and is pumped to border the blood flow into the artery.Then the air in the cuff starts slowly slowly, while listening to a pulse with a stethoscope.Listening to your pulse at the point below the down-ray cuff allows you to get reliable data on blood pressure reading.In addition, automatically (digital) tonomets are now common, which measures pressure and pulse using electrical sensors.

Before you continue by measuring blood pressure, you should relax for at least five minutes and empty the bladder.To get the right to testify blood pressure, you have to sit or speak during manipulation.

If with one of the measurements, it determines increased blood pressure, then it does not necessarily mean that you have hypertension.During the day, blood pressure level can fluctuate.The pressure can be increased until the doctor is taken due to anxiety and stress.In these cases, it is recommended to measure the pressure during the day, using the home tonometer.Excluding the "fear of white cloak", you can get more objective indicators.

You can also take blood and urine tests to check the presence of diseases that increase the risk of high blood pressure, for example, kidney diseases.

Decrypting the reading of a tonometer

The blood pressure is measured in millimeters of the live Mercury (mm Rt. Art.) And is fixed in two spans:

  • Systolic pressure - blood pressure the moment your heart is reduced and pushes blood into arteries;
  • Diastolic pressure - blood pressure at the time of relaxing a heart muscle between two contractions.

For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg.Art.And diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg.Art., Then they say that your pressure is 140 to 90.

Ideally, blood pressure should be less than 120/80.However, indication below 140/90 are generally considered normal.If you have kidney disease, diabetes or heart disease and a circulating system, your target blood pressure should be below 130/80 mm Hg.Art.

If pressure indicators are a few days higher than the 140/90 mark - you have arterial hypertension and further testing is required.

High pressure treatment

Effective actions to reduce blood pressure are in changing the way of life and medications.The selection of treatment regimens will depend on the level of blood pressure and risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

If your blood pressure is slightly higher than 130/80 mm Hg.Arts, and at the same time, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in your low vascular diseases, then you should be able to reduce pressure only by making certain changes in your lifestyle.

If your blood pressure is moderately high (HG or higher than 140/90 mm), and there is a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in you in the next 10 years, and then the treatment will include treatment and adapting lifestyle.

If your blood pressure is very high (180/110 mm HG or higher), then in the near future you need treatment, possible with additional examination, depending on the balance of your health.

Lifestyle with arterial hypertension

Below are some changes that you could do on your lifestyle to reduce the pressure.Some of them will lead to rapid improvement within a few weeks, others will affect a longer period.

  • Reduce salt consumption to less than 6 grams a day.
  • Eat healthy, low, balanced foods in the composition, including a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables.
  • Be active: Maintaining physical activity is one of the key things you should do to prevent or control hypertension.
  • Reduce alcohol consumption.
  • Refuse smoking.Smoking significantly increases the likelihood in the development of lungs and heart disease.
  • Lose weight.
  • Drink smaller coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks, like Cole.Using more than four cups of coffee a day can increase blood pressure.
  • Try to use such relaxation techniques as yoga, meditation and stress management (autogenous training).

The more healthier habit of overcome, a more positive effect will have.In practice, some people believe that they will be able to maintain a healthy lifestyle, they generally need to take medications.

Hypertension medication treatment

There is a wide selection of pressure that lowers drugs.You may need to take more than one type of drug, because sometimes hypertension treatment needs a combination of several medications.

In some cases, you will need to press the pressure to reduce pressure in your whole life.However, if your blood pressure level remains under control for more than a few years, you will have the opportunity to stop healing treatment.Most high medications can cause side effects, but this problem can be resolved by replacing drugs taken.

Tell your doctor if you have any of the following usual side effects of drug use:

  • a feeling of drowsiness;
  • the pain in the kidneys (in the lower back);
  • Dry cough;
  • Dizziness, exhaustion or lethargy;
  • Raw on the skin.

Below are the most commonly used drug pressure medications.

  1. Enzibiter inhibitors for reproductive enzenities (APF)Reduce blood pressure, relaxing walls of blood vessels.The most common side effect is a constant dry cough.If the side effects begin to bother too much, medications such as an angiotenzine-2 antagonist receptor can recommend you, and the action is similar to the action of ACE inhibitors.

    ACE inhibitors can cause unforeseen side effects if taken together with another, including over - counter, drugs.Before taking any additional medicine, contact your doctor if their combination of negative side effects causes them.

  2. Channel calcium blocks(Calcium antagonists) prevent calcium in the muscular tissue cells of the heart and blood vessels.This leads to the spread of your arteries (large blood vessels) and reducing blood pressure.

    The use of grapefruit juice when downloading certain types of calcium channel blockers can increase the risk of side effects.You can talk more details about this issue with your doctor.

  3. Diuretika(diuretics) act due to excretion of excess fluid and salt from the body.

  4. Beta Blockers (Beta blockers)They act by reducing the frequency and strength of heart contractions, reducing such blood pressure.Earlier Beta blockers were a popular high pressure cure, but are currently typically used only when other funds do not have the necessary effect.This is due to the fact that beta-blockers are considered less efficient than other types of medication for increased pressure.

    Beta blockers can also affect the effect of other medications, causing side effects.Please advise with your doctor before entering other medicines in combination with beta blockers.

    Don't stop making beta blockers suddenly don't lead without consulting a doctor.This can lead to serious side effects, like increasing blood pressure or attack by angina pectoris.

  5. Alpha blockers (alpha-blockers)They are usually not recommended as a drug for the first choice for reducing high blood pressure, except when other medications do not have the right effect.Alpha blockers act relaxing blood vessels, significantly facilitating blood flow in them.

    The usual side effects of the alpha blockers include:

    • unconsciousness in the first administration of the medicine ("first dose effect");
    • dizziness;
    • headache;
    • swelling of ankles;
    • Fatigue.

Hypertension complications

Increased blood pressure is performed by an additional load on your heart and blood vessels.If hypertension is not treated, after a certain time, the risk of the development of heart attacks, stroke and kidney diseases is increasing.

Cardiovascular diseases for hypertension

Hypertension can cause many different heart disease and blood vessels and heartware (cardiovascular diseases), including:

  • Stroke;
  • myocardial infarction;
  • Embolia: occurs when the blood or bubble of the air is blocked by blood flow in a bowl;
  • Aneurysism: It develops when the wall vessel is stretched and can crack at any time, causing internal bleeding.

Kidney disease and increased pressure

Hypertension can also result in damage to small blood vessels in the kidneys and their function damaged.This complication can cause symptoms such as:

  • fatigue;
  • edem ankle, feet or arm (due to the delay in water);
  • dyspnea;
  • the presence of blood in urine;
  • Frequent urination, especially at night;
  • Itchy skin.

Kidney diseases are treated with drugs and food supplements.More serious cases require dialysis (treatment process in which blood artificially cleaned the products of toxic metabolism in the body) or renal transplantation.

Prevention of increased pressure

Hypertension development can be prevented by a healthy diet, maintaining normal weight, performing regular physical exercises, alcohol restraints and smoking rejection.

Only smoking does not cause high blood pressure, but significantly increases the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke.Smoking, such as high blood pressure, leads to the arteries narrowing.If you smoke in the presence of hypertension, your arteries will narrow yourself much faster and risks from the development of heart and lungs in your future will increase significantly.

High pressure power

Reduce the amount of salt in your diet, eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.Salt increases the pressure.The more salt consuming, is greater your pressure.Try to eat less than 6 g salutes a day, which is approximately equal to one teaspoon.

As proven, the use of low-grease food and high fiber content (for example, whole rice, bread and pasta) and a large amount of fruits and vegetables help reduce blood pressure.Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals and fibers that support your body in a healthy state.Try to eat five portions of 80 g and vegetables every day.

The regular drinking of alcohol is above the permitted norms over time, will lead to increased blood pressure.Men are not recommended to use more than 2-4 portions of alcohol per day, and women - more than 2-3.Regular use is intended every day or most days of the week.1 part of alcohol approximately corresponds to a glass of vodka, half a glass of wine or half the mug of beer.

Also, because alcohol is highly caloric, its regular use leads to increasing weight, and accordingly increase your blood pressure.

If you drink more than four cups a daily cup, then it can lead to an increase in pressure.If you are a big fan of coffee, tea or other caffeine drinks (such as Coca-Cola and some energy drinks), consider the ability to reduce their consumption.It is very good when you drink tea and coffee as part of a balanced diet, but it is important that such drinks are not your only source of liquid.

Weight and physical exercise for hypertension

Excessive weight forces the heart to work more intensively to pump blood through the whole body, which usually leads to increasing blood pressure.If you really need to lose excess weight, it is important to remember that the loss of even two or three pounds of weight will lead to a significant change in blood pressure reading and improving your health in general.

Active lifestyle and regular exercise leads to a reduction in blood pressure by maintaining heart and blood vessels in good condition.Regular exercise also helps in weight loss, which also helps you reduce your blood pressure.

An adult should be carried out each week at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) on moderate open-colored intensity exercises, such as cycling or fast walking.When performing exercises, you should focus on the fact that you should feel warmed and a little breathless.Complete person, in order to achieve this condition, can be shown that it is small enough in the hill.Physical activity may contain different exercises, from sports to walking and working in the garden.

Relaxation exercises can reduce blood pressure.They include:

  • Stress management (autogenous training), meditation or yoga.
  • Cognitive-behavior psychotherapy, which focuses on your thoughts and beliefs can affect your well-being and the ability to deal with problems.You can talk to your doctor's opportunity to undergo such psychotherapy.
  • Biological feedback (a method of self-used for help in conscious blood pressure control): You will show your heart rate or blood pressure in a small monitor in real time.After a doctor, he can perform a request for biological feedback.

Which doctor will contact with hypertension?

If you have increased pressure, find a good therapist that can understand the causes of the disease and prescribe treatment.If you have heart complaints or there are chronic cardiovascular diseases, they choose a cardiologist.